本月，北京迎入汛以来最强降雨，三峡水库迎来最大洪峰；新发地农产品批发市场分期复市；《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案（试行第八版）》印发；TikTok公司对美国政府行政令发起诉讼；创业板注册制首批18家企业在深交所上市；首都功能核心区控制性详细规划获批。
海底高铁隧道 undersea high-speed railway tunnel
The technical proposal for the Ningbo-Zhoushan Railway, China's first high-speed rail with an undersea segment connecting the Zhoushan Islands in East China's Zhejiang province with the mainland, has been completed, the local Ningbo Evening News reported on Saturday.
据《宁波晚报》8月1日报道，中国首条连接浙江舟山岛和大陆的跨海高铁工程——甬（宁波）舟（舟山）铁路项目的技术方案已经完成。
【单词讲解】
高铁是high-speed railway，而海底高铁隧道就是undersea high-speed railway tunnel。由于这条海底高铁隧道是甬舟铁路（Ningbo-Zhoushan railway）的一部分，所以翻译成high-speed rail with an undersea segment。
7月30日，历经2年多，由铁四院勘察设计的“隧道风险评估与金塘海底隧道关键技术方案”，通过了以中国工程院院士钱七虎为组长的专家组评审（passed assessment from a panel of experts headed by Qian Qihu），标志着这条世界最长海底高铁隧道（world's longest undersea high-speed railway tunnel）的技术方案已准备就绪。
作为甬舟铁路工程的一部分，金塘海底隧道全长16.2公里，海底盾构段长10.87公里，最大埋深78米，直径14米（at a maximum optimal depth of 78 meters with a diameter of 14 meters, the undersea tunnel's shield will reach 10.87 kilometers in length upon completion），是国内首条海底高铁隧道，建成后将成为世界最长海底高铁隧道。甬舟铁路全长77公里，设计时速250公里，主体工程采用桥+隧组合，被誉为“铁路版港珠澳大桥”。宁波北仑至金塘岛，设计为海底隧道；金塘岛至舟山岛，设计为主跨1488米的特大桥。
港珠澳大桥越海隧道全长6.7公里，属沉管公路隧道（submerged highway tunnel/immersed tunnel for road traffic），而金塘隧道是高铁盾构隧道（high speed shield railway tunnel），16.2公里占全线五分之一里程，都将沉在东海，技术难度极大。
甬舟铁路建成后，将结束舟山群岛不通火车的历史，届时从宁波到舟山只要30分钟，从杭州至舟山只需80分钟（it will shorten travel time between Ningbo to Zhoushan to 30 minutes and to one hour and 20 minutes between Hangzhou to Zhoushan）。专家表示，该项目的建设，将使我国隧道、桥梁设计水平提升到一个新高度。
直播带货 livestream marketing
A regulation on managing livestreaming hosts of different levels and classifications is being drafted in China as a move to improve the cultural taste of online content and keep the development of the industry in order, the Cyberspace Administration said on its official website Tuesday.
中国国家互联网信息办公室8月4日在官方网站表示，将研究制定主播账号分级分类管理规范，提升直播平台文化品位，规范行业发展。
【单词讲解】
现在很火的网络直播的英文表达就是livestreaming，主播就是livestreaming host，直播带货就是sell products through livestreaming platforms，而限时秒杀的表达则是time-limited sec-killing。
国家网信办负责人表示，将研究制定主播账号分级分类管理规范（regulation on managing livestreaming hosts of different levels and classifications），明确直播行业打赏行为管理规则（clarify how to give tips to livestreaming hosts），将内容供给导向、打赏金额标准、主播带货资格与直播账号分级分类紧密关联（how many tips a livestreaming host can be given and who is allowed to sell products through livestreaming platforms will also be regulated, depending on the host's level and classification），建构激励高质量信息内容供给的直播账号信用评价体系（credit evaluation system for livestreaming accounts）。
国家网信办负责人介绍，专项整治开展两个月来，各部门依法处置158款违法违规直播平台（illegal livestreaming platforms），挂牌督办38起涉直播重点案件。督促平台清理有害账号及信息（clear up harmful accounts and information），封禁一批违法违规网络主播（ban streamers violating laws and regulations），明确直播打赏作为平台和主播履行服务合同的法律性质，规范管理工作稳步推进。
宿舍型公租房 dormitory-style public rental housing
Dormitory-style housing will be provided for migrant workers in Shanghai by the end of this year, according to Wang Zhen, director of the Shanghai Housing Administration Bureau.
上海市房管局局长王桢表示，年底前将为上海民工提供宿舍型公租房。
【单词讲解】
宿舍型公租房的英语表达就是dormitory-style public rental housing，是将普通公租房拆套后提供合租（flatsharing）的房源，目的是解决环卫工人、公交司机、家政服务人员、快递小哥等基础服务行业人群的住房问题。
At least one public rental housing neighborhood in each district will provide dormitory-style accommodations for a minimum of 200 migrant workers in this pilot project, according to Wang Zhen.
王桢表示，每个区公租房中将至少落实1处可入住人数不少于200人的宿舍型或拆套合租试点项目。
Some 177,000 apartments have been provided in the public rental housing neighborhoods throughout Shanghai, with nearly 627,000 individuals and families benefiting from the service by the end of May.
截至今年5月底，上海全市公租房累计建设筹措房源17.7万套，累计享受保障62.7万户。
It is estimated that at least 5,000 migrant workers who work in these key public service areas will be accommodated in this housing by the end of the year, a rise of more than 60 percent from the previous year.
预计到今年底，上海市筹、区筹公租房保障公共服务类重点行业企业职工户数达到5000户左右，比2019年底大幅增长60%以上。
上海市房管局还鼓励用人单位尽责，通过补贴部分租金（pay part of employees' public rental housing bills）等方式，进一步减轻入住职工租金负担。
放宽新能源汽车限购 relax curbs on new energy vehicle purchases
In the second half of 2020, the country will take key measures, such as relaxing curbs on new energy vehicle purchases, to spur domestic consumption, Ning Jizhe, vice-minister of the National Development and Reform Commission, said in an interview with China Central Television.
国家发改委副主任宁吉喆在央视专访中表示，2020年下半年，我国将采取关键措施来刺激国内消费，比如放宽新能源汽车限购。
【单词讲解】
放宽新能源汽车限购的英文表达是relax curbs on new energy vehicle purchases，限购就是curb the purchase或purchase restrictions。实行汽车限购政策的地区每年将设定汽车购买配额（vehicle purchase quotas），通过车牌摇号（a lottery for license plates）来分发配额。
下半年，我国将加快推动智慧零售（smart retail）、在线教育（online education）等新型消费高质量发展，推动汽车和家电消费转型升级，鼓励限购城市适当增加汽车购置限额（encourage cities that have restrictions on car purchases to increase the number of car registrations as appropriate），放宽新能源汽车限购，对购置新能源汽车等给予适当补贴（offer subsidies for the purchase of new energy vehicles）。
"In the second half of this year, China will further improve the environment for private investment and adopt more supportive policies to encourage private sector engagement in epidemic response, public health, logistics, emergency stockpiles and other weak links. More efforts are also needed to facilitate bank lending for the private sector," Ning said.
宁吉喆还称，下半年我国将进一步完善民间投资的环境，加大政策支持力度，支持民间资本参与应对疫情、公共卫生、仓储物流、应急储备等短板领域的建设，同时要引导银行推出适应民营企业特点的信贷产品。
Ning said the country will push ahead with major investment in new infrastructure, new-type urbanization and key projects for national development such as transport and water infrastructure, and focus on weak links in fields such as public health, emergency medical supplies, transportation and energy.
宁吉喆表示，将在投资方面重点推进新型基础设施新型城镇化，交通水利等重大工程、“两新一重”建设，加大公共卫生应急物资储备，交通能源等领域补短板力度。
“夜游长城”night tours of the Badaling Great Wall
A two-month-long Great Wall cultural festival opened in Beijing Saturday, which allows tourists to visit the Badaling section of the ancient wall on weekend nights.
为期两个月的长城文化节8月8日在北京启动，文化节期间，公众可在周末夜游八达岭长城。
据介绍，八达岭长城“夜游长城”（night tours of the Badaling Great Wall）旅游项目是京范儿(FUN)消费季重要组成部分，旨在推动北京消费季夜间经济（nighttime economy）发展，丰富长城文化带建设内容。文化节期间，该活动每周五、周六将定期面向公众开放，开放时间为7时30分至9时30分。中秋节、国庆节还将单独开放。
An evening gala of the Mid-Autumn Festival, a cultural fair on Chinese traditional costumes and online lectures including one about cultural heritage protection that is co-organized by the Hadrian's Wall of Britain, are also scheduled during the festival.
中秋晚会、华服节日文化市集，以及与英国哈德良长城联合组织的文化遗产在线讲座等活动也将在文化节期间举行。
长城于1987年被列入联合国教科文组织《世界遗产名录》（UNESCO World Heritage Site），成为我国第一批成功入选的世界遗产。长城北京段（Beijing sections of the Great Wall）全长520公里，八达岭长城是游客到访最多的一段。
为了控制游客数量，八达岭长城景区管理部门从2019年6月1日起实行全网络实名制售票（ real-name online ticketing ），每日游客总量控制在6.5万人次。
制裁美方人员 sanctions against US officials
China on Monday announced sanctions against 11 US officials with egregious records on Hong Kong affairs, according to Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Zhao Lijian at a press briefing. According to Zhao, China's decision stems from the wrongdoings of the US side. The sanctions, effective from Monday, are applied to US officials, including Senators Marco Rubio, Ted Cruz, Josh Hawley, Tom Cotton and Pat Toomey, Representative Chris Smith, and Carl Gershman, President of the National Endowment for Democracy, Derek Mitchell, President of the National Democratic Institute, Daniel Twining, President of the International Republican Institute, Kenneth Roth, Executive Director of Human Rights Watch, and Michael J. Abramowitz, President of Freedom House.
外交部发言人赵立坚8月10日在例行记者会上表示，针对美方错误行径，中方决定即日起对在涉港问题上表现恶劣的美联邦参议员卢比奥、克鲁兹、霍利、科顿、图米，联邦众议员史密斯，以及美国国家民主基金会总裁格什曼、美国国际事务民主协会总裁米德伟、美国国际共和研究所总裁特温宁、“人权观察”执行主席罗斯、“自由之家”总裁阿布拉莫维茨实施制裁。
【单词讲解】
这里的egregious是一个意思表达很强烈的形容词，读音是[ɪˈgri:dʒiəs]，多表示“极其恶劣的，极坏的”等意思，比如，an egregious lie（弥天大谎），egregious violation of rules（严重违反规定）， egregious acts of brutality（极其野蛮的行为）等。
赵立坚表示：
Since Hong Kong's return to the motherland, "one country, two systems" has enormous success. Hong Kong residents enjoy unprecedented democracy and rights and freedoms in all accordance with law. This is an objective fact no unbiased people will deny. In the meantime, there are new risks and challenges in the implementation of "one country, two systems", the most prominent of which is heightened national security risk.
香港回归祖国以来，“一国两制”取得举世公认的成功，香港居民依法享有前所未有的民主权利，依法充分行使各种自由。这是任何不带偏见的人都无法否认的客观事实。同时，“一国两制”实践过程中也面临着新的风险和挑战，突出问题就是香港特区的国家安全风险日益凸显。
When national security in Hong Kong is undermined and confronted with real threats and the SAR government had difficulty in completing national security legislation on its own, the central government took decisive measures to establish and improve at the state level a legal system and enforcement mechanisms to safeguard the Hong Kong SAR's national security. The Law on Safeguarding National Security in Hong Kong targets a small number of criminals who gravely jeopardize national security and protects the law-abiding Hong Kong residents, who represent the vast majority.
在香港特区国家安全受到现实威胁和严重损害、特区政府难以自行完成维护国家安全立法的情况下，中国中央政府采取果断举措，从国家层面建立健全了香港特区维护国家安全的法律制度和执行机制。香港国安法惩治的是极少数严重危害国家安全的犯罪分子，保护的是绝大多数守法的香港居民。
Hong Kong is part of China and its affairs are entirely China's internal affairs which allow no foreign interfere. We urge the US to grasp the situation, correct its mistake, and immediately stop meddling in Hong Kong affairs and China's internal affairs.
香港是中国的香港，香港事务纯属中国内政，任何外部势力无权干涉。中方敦促美方认清形势，纠正错误，立即停止插手香港事务、干涉中国内政。
环比 month on month
In June, China's civil aviation industry handled an average of 10,820 flights daily, up 14.1 percent from that in May, statistics from the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) showed. In July, the industry handled a total of 370,000 flights, or an average of 11,941 flights daily. More than 36.99 million air passenger trips were made in July, a rise of 20.35 percent from June.
民航总局的数据显示，6月，民航日均航班量10820班，环比上升14.1%；7月，共保障各类飞行37万班，日均航班量为11941架次；共完成旅客运输量3699余万人次，环比增长20.35%。
【单词讲解】
在一些统计类的报道中，我们经常会看到“环比”、“同比”这样的表述，这两种比较方式的区别在于：环比,就是跟上一个周期比；同比,就是跟去年同期比。比如，上面的报道中，6月的日均航班量跟5月的日均航班量相比，就是“环比”，除了报道中的表述方式以外，我们还可以用形容词形式month-on-month或者副词形式的month on month来表示，那么上文的句子就可以改写为“In June, China's civil aviation industry handled an average of 10,820 flights daily, an increase of 14.1 percent month-on-month (up 14.1 percent month on month)”。
如果用今年5月的数据跟去年5月的数据相比就是“同比”，英文用形容词year-on-year或者副词短语year on year表示，比如：There were 2.95 million delivery staff at Meituan Dianping at the end of June, an increase of 16.4 percent year-on-year（今年6月底，美团点评共有外卖人员295万，同比增加了16.4%）。In July, the share price has grown 20% year on year.（7月份，股票价格同比上涨了20%）。
民航总局表示，当前民航疫情防控工作面临的形势和任务依然复杂严峻，要完善常态化防控机制。
Continuous efforts should be made in response to the epidemic situation in the coming autumn-winter season to prevent a resurgence of the epidemic, the CAAC said.
要做好秋冬季疫情防控准备，切实采取有效措施防止疫情反弹。
The CAAC will strictly enforce the reward and suspension mechanism and adjust flights in a scientific manner to prevent imported cases through the civil aviation sector.
严格执行熔断和奖励机制，科学动态调整航班，扎实做好外防输入各项工作，严防疫情通过民航途径传播。
最强降雨 the heaviest downpour
Beijing experienced the heaviest downpour since the start of this year's flood season on Wednesday evening after a day of on-again, off-again downpours that saw flights canceled, parks closed, homestay hotels shut and city workers on standby for floods and other emergencies.
经过白天断断续续的降雨之后，8月12日夜间，北京遭遇今年入汛以来最强降雨。此次降雨导致航班取消、公园和民宿关闭，市政洪涝应急响应工作人员待命。
【单词讲解】
这里的on-again, off-again是一个形容词短语，表示“时断时续的”，比如： on-again, off-again relationship（分分合合的恋情），on-again, off-again fads（起起伏伏的时尚潮流）等。
针对此次强降雨过程，8月11日至12日，北京六预警齐发（issue six alerts），先后发布了暴雨黄色（后升级橙色）、地质灾害(geological disaster)黄色、山洪灾害（flash flood disaster）风险、洪水蓝色、雷电黄色、大风（gale）蓝色（后升级黄色）等预警。
By 5 am on Thursday, total rainfall in four districts－Haidian, Fengtai, Shijingshan and Changping－could exceed 100 millimeters, as measured starting at 11 am on Wednesday, according to the municipal meteorological station.
北京市气象台表示，8月12日11时至13日5时，海淀、丰台、石景山以及昌平四个区的累计降雨量超过100毫米。
截至13日零时，全市平均降雨量（average precipitation）达59.3毫米；城区平均降雨量达89.7毫米，城区最大降雨量（the highest precipitation）在海淀香山，达152.8毫米；全市最大降雨量在昌平沙河水库，达155.0毫米。全市平均降雨量达暴雨级别。
【知识点】
按照气象学的概念，不同级别的降雨是按照24小时内的降雨量（precipitation）来划分的。具体划分标准如下：
小雨（light rain）：1d（或24h）降雨量小于10mm者。
中雨（moderate rain）：1d（或24h）降雨量10～25mm者。
大雨（heavy rain）：1d（或24h）降雨量25～50mm者。
暴雨（torrential rain）：1d（或24h）降雨量50～100mm者。
大暴雨（downpour）：1d（或24h）降雨量100～200mm者。
特大暴雨（heavy downpour）：1d（或24h）降雨量在200mm以上者。
Drizzle和rain的区别主要看雨滴（water droplet）大小，雨滴直径在0.2到0.5毫米之间的叫drizzle（细雨，毛毛雨），雨滴直径在0.5毫米以上的就都是rain了。
Shower则是个另类，指的是在不同时间段、在不同地区出现的间歇性的“阵雨”，从这个“阵”字我们可以看出，这个shower可能短时间在某地降雨强度很大，但是持续时间一般不会太长。如果说部分地区有“零星阵雨”，我们就可以用scattered shower来表示。
At least 291 flights have been canceled at the city's two airports, Beijing Capital International Airport and Daxing International Airport, on Wednesday, according to airport authorities.
机场方面表示，8月12日，北京首都国际机场和北京大兴国际机场至少有291个航班被取消。
Up to 191 sightseeing areas in Beijing's mountain districts were closed to the public, 5,490 homestay hotels were told to stop taking in guests, and 192 bus routes suspended operation,according to the city's flood control office.
市防汛办表示，当日北京关闭191个山区景区，5490个民宿，公交线路停运192条。
Some 110,000 staff members in different departments in Beijing were on standby for any problems arising from the rainstorms.
北京市各部门防汛备勤人员11万余人。
【单词讲解】
这里的on standby表示“随时待命、随叫随到”，比如：Five ambulances are on standby at the port.（港口有5辆救护车待命）。I'll be on standby over Christmas.（圣诞节期间我随时待命）。此外，on standby也可以表示出行前等待退票的“候补”状态，比如： The passenger is waiting on standby for an available seat.（那位乘客正在等待候补席位）。
新发地市场 Xinfadi market
8月13日，北京市第164场新冠肺炎疫情防控工作新闻发布会召开。会上表示，新发地农产品批发市场将于8月15日起分期复市，9月10日前全面复市。
Xinfadi market, source of a cluster of COVID-19 infections in Beijing in June, will reopen to the public on Saturday but only as a wholesale operation, a municipal government official said on Thursday. Zhou Xinchun, deputy head of Fengtai district, where the market is located, said the authority has upgraded its operations to make all buyers, vehicles and goods traceable after it reopens to the public.
丰台区政府常务副区长周新春表示，新发地市场将于8月15日起复市，但是只开展批发业务。管理部门已经升级了该市场的运营系统，市场重新开放后，买方、车辆以及货物全部实现可追溯。新发地市场是6月份北京市新冠肺炎聚集性疫情的发生地。
【单词讲解】
在商务类英语中，我们经常会遇到retailer、wholesaler、distributor、outlet这一类词汇，他们有什么区别呢？总体来说，这四个词可以分成两组，一组是 retailer 和 outlet，均与“零售”有关，另一组是 wholesaler 和 distributor，多与“批发”有关。Retailer 作为“零售商”规模可大可小，公交车站旁边的报刊亭也算 retailer；outlet 可指某个品牌的专营店，也可指折扣店，对于后面的这个意思，可能很多人都比较熟悉，各类“奥特莱斯”outlets 其实就是各种名牌商品折扣店的聚集地；distributor 指的是某些公司产品的“分销商”，而 wholesaler 作为“批发商”并不仅限于代理某一种产品。比如：furniture wholesaler 可以是各个不同品牌家具的代理批发商。
根据安排，复市后，新发地市场严格实行批零分离，主市场不再面向个人零售（the market will not serve individuals）。市场的批发环节采用“卖方注册制、买方会员制”。
Buyers and sellers need to register before they trade in the market. All buyers and sellers have to make reservations, provide information including vehicle license plates, trading area, time and gates where their vehicles' enter before each trade.
买卖双方都需先通过登记注册后才能进入市场采购。每次交易前，买卖双方均需预约，并提供车辆牌照、所在交易区、交易时间以及车辆进场入口等信息。
Only the vehicles of vendors and buyers will be allowed to enter the market. Anyone coming into the market must first pass a facial recognition system as well as temperature checks.
市场只允许买卖双方的车辆进入。所有进入市场人员均须进行人脸识别及体温检测。
周边设立便民菜市场
A nearby convenience vegetable market of 1,000 square meters opened to public on July 31. It has 22 stands selling vegetables, fruit, oil and eggs. Neighborhoods nearby are the main customers.
在新发地市场外部新设立了一个1000平方米的便民菜市场，满足周边老百姓的生活需求。据了解，该菜市场已于7月31日对外正式营业，共有22个摊位，零售果蔬、粮油、蛋类等。
数字货币 digital currency
The People's Bank of China, the central bank, is testing its digital currency in Shenzhen, Chengdu, Suzhou, Xiong'an and some areas where the 2022 Winter Olympics will be held.
中国人民银行将在深圳、成都、苏州、雄安以及2022年冬奥部分场景开展数字人民币试点。
【知识点】
中国人民银行自2014年开始研究法定数字货币。2017年，中国人民银行数字货币研究所正式成立。经国务院批准，人民银行组织部分实力雄厚的商业银行和有关机构共同开展数字人民币体系（digital currency and electronic payment，DC/EP）的研发。
中国人民银行数字货币可以看做是数字化的人民币现金（digitalized currency），由央行结算且具有法偿性（legal tender）。从使用场景上看，央行数字货币可用于小额、零售、高频的业务场景，与使用纸币差别不大。它不依托于银行账户和支付账户，只要用户手机装有数字货币钱包（digital wallet）即可使用。
中国人民银行日前召开的2020年下半年工作电视会议指出，法定数字货币封闭试点顺利启动。
Currently, the tests include salary payments to civil servants, payment for public transport services and energy and supply chain trading.
目前，试点涉及公务员工资支付、公共交通支付以及能源供应链支付等领域。
中国人民大学金融科技与互联网安全研究中心主任杨东表示：
Most of the applications are designed for consumer consumption, and it still needs time to find the appropriate model for business users.
大部分应用场景都是为消费者服务场景设计的，找到适合商业用户的应用模式还需要时间。
E-payment services in China are dominated by internet giants such as Alipay and WeChat Pay which allow transfer of money by a simple scan of the quick response code. The sovereign digital currency may need to find ways to make the payment options more convenient and the costs will have to be competitive with other third-party payment services.
目前国内的电子支付领域由支付宝和微信支付占据主导地位，用户使用这两种支付服务时，简单扫一下二维码就可以完成。主权数字货币可能需要找到一种让支付选择更便捷、支付成本相比第三方支付更有竞争力的途径。
I级防汛应急响应 the highest level of flood control response
8月18日5时，四川启动I级防汛应急响应（activate the highest level of flood control response），这是有记录以来，四川首次启动该响应。
Continuous rainfall has caused 22 major rivers in Sichuan to exceed their flood warning levels. Swelling rivers have flooded some urban areas in the city of Ya'an and Leshan. Local authorities have evacuated more than 100,000 people affected by the disaster.
连续降雨已导致四川省境内22条主要河流超过警戒水位。泛滥的河水淹没了雅安和乐山市的城区，当地政府已撤离10万多受灾群众。
The Ya'an section of the Qingyi River was hit by a major flood rarely seen in a hundred years, while water levels in the entire Qingyi River basin, as well as the lower reaches of Dadu River and Minjiang River, are expected to exceed warning levels.
目前，青衣江雅安城区段已出现百年一遇洪水，预计整个青衣江流域将全面超过保证水位，大渡河下游、岷江下游也将出现全面超警超保洪水。
【知识点】
最近有关洪水的报道中，我们经常能看到“超警”、“超保”、“超限”等表述，其中的“警”代表“警戒水位”，“保”代表“保证水位”，“限”代表“汛限水位”。
警戒水位（warning level）是指河流、湖泊随着水位逐步升高，堤防可能发生险情并需要加强防守的水位（the water level where dykes need consolidation）。到达这一水位，要进行防汛动员，加大人力、物力投入，实行昼夜巡堤查险。
保证水位（flood-stage level），又称最高水位或危险水位，是指堤防设计水位或历史上防御过的最高洪水位（the highest floodwater level a dyke has ever withstood），也是汛期堤防及其附属工程能保证安全运行的上限洪水位。接近或到达这一水位，防汛进入全面紧急状态，堤防临水时间已长，堤身土体可能达到饱和状态，随时都有出险的可能。这时要密切巡查，全力以赴，确保堤防安全。
汛限水位（the upper limit of reservoir water level）是指汛期水库允许蓄水的上限水位，也是水库汛期防洪调度运用时的起调水位。
九寨沟景区临时关闭
The Jiuzhaigou National Park, also known as the Jiuzhai Valley, a UNESCO world heritage site famed for its spectacular waterfalls, lush forests, serene plateau lakes and karst rock formations in the mountainous areas of Sichuan, announced temporary closure due to safety concerns.
为安全起见，九寨沟景区临时关闭园区。九寨沟是联合国教科文组织世界遗产地，以壮观的瀑布、葱翠的森林、静谧的高原湖水以及四川山区卡斯特地貌闻名。
Incessant torrential rainfall has blocked roads to the scenic spot, with part of the area flooded by a river, according to the site's administration.
景区管理部门表示，持续强降雨导致通往景区的道路受阻，部分路段被泛滥的河水淹没。
洪水浸过乐山大佛佛脚平台
Floods also affected the Leshan Giant Buddha, another UNESCO world heritage site situated outside the city of Leshan. Flood water reached the toes of the Buddha statue for the first time since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949.
另一处联合国教科文组织世界遗产地乐山大佛也受到洪水影响，这是1949年新中国成立以来洪水首次浸过大佛脚趾。
On Monday night, local police and scenic-spot staff placed sandbags at the platform under the Buddha's feet, building a dam-like structure to protect the statue.
8月17日晚，当地民警和景区工作人员在大佛佛脚平台堆放了沙袋，组成堤坝保护大佛。
三峡水利枢纽将迎建库以来最大洪峰
This coming Thursday the Three Gorges reservoir in central China's Hubei province is expected to see the most severe round of floods since it started to hold water in 2003.
预计8月20日，位于湖北省的三峡水利枢纽将迎来2003年蓄水以来的最大洪峰。
According to a forecast by the Changjiang Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources, the inbound flow of water is expected to reach more than 74,000 cubic meters per second after continuous heavy rain battered the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.
根据长江水文局以及水利部的预报，受长江上游持续强降雨影响，三峡水利枢纽入库洪水峰值将达到74000立方米每秒。
The Yangtze River, China's longest waterway, recorded the fifth flood of the year in its upper reaches on Monday.
8月17日，“长江2020年第5号洪水”已在长江上游形成。
潜伏期 incubation period
8月19日，国家卫健委办公厅、国家中医药管理局办公室印发了《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案（试行第八版）》。
The incubation period for COVID-19, the time between exposure to the virus and the onset of symptoms, is about three to seven days for most people and can be up to 14 days, during which these pre-symptomatic patients can be contagious, according to the latest guideline.
试行第八版诊疗方案提出，新冠肺炎的潜伏期（感染病毒到出现症状之前）多为3到7天，最长可达14天，潜伏期即有传染性。
The five days after symptoms occur is when the disease becomes highly transmissible, the guideline said.
发病后5天内传染性较强。
【单词讲解】
在说到“具有传染性的”这个意思时，新闻报道中常用的两个词是contagious和transmissible，在表示某个疾病具有传染性的时候，这两个词是可以互相替换使用的，contagious/transmissible disease。二者的区别在于，transmissible只能用来形容疾病的传染性，而contagious适用的范围要广得多，除了表示疾病本身的传染性之外，也可以用来形容染了传染病的患者，contagious patients。此外，我们形容一个人的笑声特别有感染力，也可以说contagious laughter；某个时尚潮流传播很快就是a contagious fad。
Respiratory droplets and close contact with infected patients are the primary methods of transmission,and exposure to virus-contaminated objects can also cause infection, it added.
经呼吸道飞沫和密切接触传播是主要的传播途径。接触病毒污染的物品也可造成感染。
病理改变
In terms of the effect of the novel coronavirus on the body, the guideline said the virus can damage the lungs, spleen, bone marrow, cardiovascular system, liver, kidney, brain and digestive tracts.
在新冠病毒对身体的病理改变方面，方案指出，病毒会对肺脏、脾脏、骨髓、心脏和血管、肝脏、肾脏、脑组织以及消化道等器官和组织产生破坏作用。
临床表现
The symptoms of infected children are typically mild, with nausea, diarrhea and shortness of breath being some of the more common ones, the guideline found. However, an extremely small number of children could develop Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome, showing symptoms similar to the rare Kawasaki disease, an inflammation in the walls of arteries throughout the body that primarily affects children younger than 5.
儿童患者多为轻症，常见症状有恶心、腹泻、呼吸短促等。不过，极少数儿童可有多系统炎症综合征（MIS-C），该综合征表现为全身血管壁上的炎症，其症状与川崎病类似，5岁以下儿童为多发人群。
中美航班 China-US flights
Under the agreement, Chinese airlines that already fly to the US－Air China, China Eastern Airlines, China Southern Airlines and Xiamen Airlines－will be allowed to make eight weekly round trips instead of four, according to the Civil Aviation Administration of China.
中国民航局表示，根据协议，中国国航、东方航空、南方航空和厦门航空这四家目前执飞中美航线的国内航空公司，每周运营的往返航班将由4班改为8班。
The two US carriers currently flying to China－United Airlines and Delta Air Lines－would also double their service to eight a week, equivalent to the total number of flights now permitted by US aviation authorities to Chinese carriers, according to a US Department of Transportation statement on Tuesday.
美国交通部8月18日表示，目前执飞中美航线的美联航和达美航空每周航班数也将增加至8班，与美国民航管理部门最近允许中国承运人执飞的航班总数相对等。
【单词讲解】
Double、triple、quadruple 这三个词在英语中用来表达不同的倍数，均可以做名词、动词、形容词和副词，用法很灵活。Double 表示“两倍、双份”或“使（什么）增加一倍”，比如：The editor thinks they can double the magazine circulation by the end of the year.主编觉得他们能在年底把杂志发行量增加一倍。另外，单词 double 在影视领域还指“替身演员”，比如，He worked as a double for Daniel Craig in the film.他在这部影片中担任丹尼尔·克雷格的替身。
Triple表示“三倍，增加两倍”，比如，My rent tripled last month.上个月，我的房租涨了两倍。
Quadruple这个词表示“四倍，四部分，增加三倍”的意思，词性和用法与前面的 double 和 triple 相似。需要注意的是，“增加三倍”其实也就是中文中常说的“翻两番”，所以这两种说法都可以用 quadruple 来表示，比如：Our exports to the US have quadrupled in the past three years.过去三年间，我们对美国的出口额增加了三倍（也就是翻了两番）。
美国两家航空公司公布新增航班计划
Delta Air Lines said it will add one more flight each week between Detroit and Shanghai and Seattle and Shanghai, both via Seoul, as of Monday.
达美航空表示，自8月24日起，将每周各增加一班底特律－上海及西雅图－上海的国际航班（均经停首尔）。
United Airlines said it will go from two to four flights per week between San Francisco and Shanghai starting on Sept 4.
美联航表示，从9月4日起，旧金山-上海浦东的往返航线将从每周2班增加为4班。
受新冠肺炎疫情影响，今年3月民航局发布《关于疫情防控期间继续调减国际客运航班量的通知》，进一步调减国际客运航班运行数量。
All domestic airlines were allowed to operate only one flight to each country per week, while foreign aviation companies should keep only one air route to China and there should be no more than one flight every week for each of the air route to China, according to the circular.
国内每家航空公司经营至任一国家的航线只能保留1条，且每条航线每周运营班次不得超过1班；外国每家航空公司经营至我国的航线只能保留1条，且每周运营班次不得超过1班。
为了控制新冠肺炎输入病例，自6月8日起，民航局推出以落地后乘客核酸检测结果为依据的航班奖励和熔断机制。
As an incentive, carriers will be allowed to increase the number of international flights to two per week on one route if the number of passengers who have a positive nucleic acid test on their flights stands at zero for three consecutive weeks, according to the administration.
奖励措施是指航空公司同一航线航班，入境后核酸检测结果为阳性的旅客人数连续3周为零的，可在航线经营许可规定的航班量范围内增加每周1班，达到每周2班。
The airline must suspend the operation of the route for one week if the number of passengers who test positive for the coronavirus reaches five. If the number exceeds 10, the airline will suspend the flights for four weeks, it said.
航空公司同一航线航班，入境后核酸检测结果为阳性的旅客人数达到5个的，暂停该公司该航线运行1周；达到10个的，暂停该公司该航线运行4周。
在保证防疫措施严格落实的前提下，我国近期已批准国内和国际航空公司增加由法国、荷兰、加拿大、澳大利亚、韩国及日本出发的入境航班。
As of Aug 12, China maintained regular passenger traffic with 50 countries. A total of 93 airlines－19 domestic and 74 foreign－have been operating 187 international passenger routes, according to the CAAC.
民航局的数据显示，截至8月12日，共计93家中外航空公司，其中国内航空公司19家、外航74家，运营187条定期国际客运航线，与50个国家保持定期客运通航。
起诉 file a lawsuit
总部位于洛杉矶的互联网公司TikTok8月22日宣布，将就美国政府涉及该公司及其母公司字节跳动的行政令提起诉讼，以维护自身合法权益。
"Over the past year we have earnestly sought to communicate with the US government and provided solutions regarding its concerns," the company said in a statement on Sunday. "But the US administration disregarded facts, disobeyed necessary legal procedures and tried to insert itself into negotiations between private businesses. "To ensure that the rule of law is not discarded, and that our company and users are treated fairly, we announce that we will officially file a lawsuit to safeguard our interests."
TikTok当天发布声明说：“近一年来，我们怀着真诚的态度，寻求跟美国政府沟通，针对他们所提出的顾虑提供解决方案。但美国政府罔顾事实，不遵循正当法律程序，甚至试图强行介入商业公司谈判。为确保法治不被摒弃，确保公司和用户获得公正的对待，我们将通过诉讼维护权益。”
【单词讲解】
这里的disregard facts（罔顾事实）和disobey necessary legal procedures（不遵循正当法律程序）中用到的disregard和disobey都是在动词前面加了表示否定的前缀“dis”后（dis+regard以及dis+obey）表示与原动词相反的意思，其他类似的词还有disappear，dishonest，disagree，disapprove等。
再补充几个类似的表达：不尊重历史，不符合事实（disrespect history and conflict with the fact）、中美脱钩（decouple China and the US）、玩弄双重标准（apply double standards）、颠倒黑白（distort facts）。
字节跳动证实，诉状将于当地时间8月24日提交，针对的是美国总统特朗普8月6日签署的行政令（executive order）。
Trump signed the directive on Aug 6 blocking all transactions with ByteDance in an effort to "address the national emergency". The order was to take effect within 45 days.
8月6日，特朗普签署行政令，称TikTok对美国国家安全构成威胁，将在45天后禁止任何美国个人或实体与TikTok及其中国母公司进行任何交易。
On Aug 14, the president signed another executive order, this time giving ByteDance 90 days to sell or spin off TikTok in the United States.
8月14日，特朗普再签行政令，要求字节跳动在90天内剥离TikTok在美国运营的所有权益。
Besides the company's lawsuit, its US employees plan to take the US government to court over the directive.
除计划24日提起的诉讼外，TikTok美国员工也计划发起针对美国政府的诉讼。
公司正在制订预案
The company is preparing for the worst — a shutdown plan to keep its employees in the United States on the payroll, even if the app is shut down in the country.
公司正在制订预案，寻找在行政令生效、TikTok应用被关闭情况下能够为美国员工支付工资。
TikTok has more than 100 million users, over 1,500 employees and thousands of business partners in the United States, according to ByteDance.
字节跳动表示，TikTok在美国有超1亿用户，1500多名员工以及数千个商业伙伴。
A shutdown, if it occurs, would cause ByteDance a loss of at least 200 billion yuan (28.94 billion US dollars) at a rumored sale of 20 billion US dollars to 50 billion US dollars, the company said.
如果关停TikTok美国业务，按照此前市场传闻200至500亿美元的出售价格，字节跳动将至少损失超过两千亿元。
ByteDance worries that, due to the extremely wide scope and highly uncertain content of the US executive order against ByteDance, the company is unable to ensure that a solution acceptable to all parties can be reached within the time limit set by the US government.
由于美国针对字节跳动的行政令范围极广，内容高度不确定，字节跳动方面担心，无法确保在美国政府限制的时间内，达成各方均能接受的处理方案。
中国商务部新闻发言人高峰8月20日表示，
For some time, the United States has been frequently using so-called "national security" and "national state of emergency" as excuses to restrict or prohibit Chinese companies from carrying out normal investment and business activities in the country, imposing trade ban on Chinese companies on trumped-up charges with no factual or legal basis, Gao said. These actions seriously damaged the legitimate rights and interests of the enterprises and severely violated the basic principles of market economy, according to the spokesperson.
一段时期以来，美方动辄以所谓“国家安全”“国家紧急状态”为由，限制甚至禁止中国企业在美国开展正常的投资经营活动，以莫须有的罪名对中国企业施加交易禁令，毫无事实和法律依据，严重损害企业的正当权益，严重违背市场经济基本原则。
US sanctions and suppression will surely undermine investors' confidence in the country, he said.
美方的制裁打压，无疑会动摇投资者在美投资的信心。
China firmly opposes using national security reviews targeting investment as a political tool, and generalizing and abuse of security reviews, Gao said.
中方坚决反对将投资国家安全审查作为政治工具、泛化和滥用安全审查的做法。
The Chinese government is determined to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese enterprises, Gao added.
中国政府维护本国企业正当合法权益的决心坚定不移。
China urges the United States to stop its wrongdoing and groundless suppression of Chinese enterprises, and do more to benefit the economic and trade cooperation between the two countries and the well-being of the two peoples, Gao added.
我们再次敦促美方摒弃错误做法，停止对中国企业的无端打压，多做有利于中美两国经贸合作和人民福祉的事情。
注册制 the registration-based initial public offering system
Eighteen start-up companies went public Monday on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. The companies were listed under the registration-based IPO system, which aims to simplify and shorten the previously lengthy approval process for IPO issuance and enhance the capital market's inclusiveness to innovation and start-up firms.
8月24日，创业板注册制首批18家企业在深交所上市。注册制旨在精简此前冗长的上市审批流程，增强资本市场对创新创业企业的包容性。
【知识点】
推进创业板改革并试点注册制（the registration-based initial public offering system），是深化资本市场改革（deepen capital market reforms）、完善资本市场基础制度（optimize the capital market's basic syste）、提升资本市场功能（ improve capital market functions）的重要安排。
根据近年来经济形势变化和多层次资本市场发展实际，改革后创业板将定位为，深入贯彻创新驱动发展战略（innovation-driven development strategy），适应发展更多依靠创新、创造、创意的大趋势，主要服务成长型创新创业企业（innovation and start-up enterprises），支持传统产业与新技术、新产业、新业态、新模式深度融合（integration of traditional industries and new technology, new industries and new business models）。
在试点注册制安排方面，参照科创板的做法，在坚持规范、透明、公开（regulated, transparent and open），严把质量关的基础上，将审核注册程序分为交易所审核（IPO screening）、证监会注册（IPO registration）两个相互衔接的环节。证监会对深交所审核工作进行监督。
交易机制变化
据介绍，创业板注册制首批首发企业上市首日起交易机制将发生变化。
一是调整涨跌幅限制。创业板注册制新股上市前5个交易日不设日涨跌幅限制（no upper limits for daily price fluctuation in the first 5 trading days），之后日涨跌幅限制比例为20%。
二是引入申报价格范围限制（bidding price range）。创业板股票连续竞价阶段限价申报的买入申报价格不得高于买入基准价格的102%，卖出申报价格不得低于卖出基准价格的98%。
三是优化盘中临时停牌机制。创业板无价格涨跌幅限制股票盘中临时停牌（temporary trade suspension）的触发阈值为涨跌30%和60%（limit up of 30% and limit down of 60%），停牌持续时间为10分钟，在警示交易风险的同时，保障交易连续性和市场价格发现功能。
四是调整单笔最高申报数量。创业板股票限价申报的单笔买卖申报数量（the number of limit orders in one trade）不得超过30万股，市价申报的单笔买卖申报数量不得超过15万股。
网络环境 online environment
近日，教育部等六部门印发《关于联合开展未成年人网络环境专项治理行动的通知》，将在全国开展未成年人网络环境整治。
The document said that China will take tough action against bad online social interactions and undesirable phenomena involving minors, including cyberbullying and cyber violence, as well as law violations like racketeering.
通知指出，全国将对网络欺凌和暴力等涉及未成年人的不良网络社交行为和现象，以及敲诈勒索等违法活动加大治理力度。
【单词讲解】
Minor这个词用法很多，可以用作动词、名词和形容词。在法律上，minor指未满18岁的人，即“未成年人”。在学校里，minor可以指“辅修（课程）”或者“辅修生”，与major（专业）相对，比如，I'm minoring in computer science./Computer science is my minor.（我辅修计算机科学。）用作形容词的时候，minor也是与major相对的，表示“次要的、轻微的、小的”，比如，She played a number of minor roles in films.（她在电影里扮演过一些小角色。）
六部门将集中整治未成年人沉迷网络（internet addiction）问题，重点对未落实网络游戏用户账号实名注册制度（real-name registration system for online games）、控制未成年人使用网络游戏时段时长（time frame and length allowed for online games）、规范向未成年人提供付费和打赏服务（limit payment and tipping service）等方面要求的网络游戏企业或平台进行全面整治。
进一步推动网络直播和视频平台开发使用青少年网络防沉迷模式（anti-addiction mode）。完善实名实认证、功能限制、时长限定、内容审核（content screening）、算法推荐等运行机制。
对近期曝光的“饭圈（fans group）”、“黑界”、“祖安文化”等涉及未成年人不良网络社交行为和现象，六部门将加大治理力度。对相关QQ账号、群组等通报相关企业，依法依规采取关闭群组、关闭账号等处置措施。
【知识点】
这里的“黑界”多见于QQ群，用各种组织形式将人群划分阶层，并在其中模仿成人社会的规则。黑界成员从入门开始，就要学习如何用键盘进行骂战。从基础到进阶，每一步都和骂战有关（来源于知乎）。所以，我们可以暂且将其翻译为“groups of slanderers”。
“祖安文化”则来源于网络游戏。“祖安”一词源于某网游同名服务区，该区玩家以爱说脏话、擅长骂人著称。后来“祖安”逐渐演变成讲脏话骂人的代名词。一些未成年人有样学样，以“祖安男孩”“祖安女孩”自居（来源于新华网）。我们可以暂且翻译为“swearing culture”。
重点整治学习教育类网站平台和其他网站的网课学习板块
Online games, vulgar fiction, entertainment livestreams and other information that are irrelevant to studies provided by educational websites will also be dealt with, according to the circular.
通知明确，将重点整治教育类网站推送网络游戏、低俗小说、娱乐直播等与学习无关的信息问题。
首都功能核心区 the core area of the capital
China has approved a detailed plan for the core area of the capital city of Beijing for the 2018-2035 period, stressing its functions of serving central administrative organs as well as the firm and orderly relief of its non-capital roles.
首都功能核心区控制性详细规划（2018年-2035年）近日获批，规划强调要服务保障中央政务，有序疏解非首都功能。
【知识点】
首都功能核心区（the core area of the capital），包括北京市的东城区和西城区两个行政区，总面积92.5平方公里，是全国政治中心、文化中心和国际交往中心（the country's political, cultural and international exchange center）的核心承载区，是历史文化名城保护的重点地区（a key area for preservation of historical sites），是展示国家首都形象的重要窗口地区（a window to display the capital city of China）。
规划提出，强化“两轴、一城、一环”的城市空间结构。其中“两轴”为中轴线（the Central Axis）及长安街（Chang'an Avenue），中轴线以文化功能为主，长安街以国家行政、文化、国际交往功能为主；“一城”为北京老城（old downtown area of Beijing）；“一环”指沿二环路的文化景观环线（scenic spots along the second Ring Road featuring diverse culture of Beijing）。
政治中心的服务保障
In the statement, the top leadership instructed the city's authorities to promote the organic integration of government and urban functions, while highlighting the area's role in serving Beijing's function as the national political center.
规划提出，推动政务功能与城市功能有机融合，突出政治中心的服务保障。
The functional reorganization of the core area should be steadily advanced to create more space to support central government activities, according to the statement.
稳步推进核心区功能重组，以更大范围空间布局支撑中央政务活动。
有序疏解非首都功能
It emphasized firm and orderly steps in easing the non-capital functions of the core area, including gradually relocating some administrative agencies, along with education, research and medical services, while reducing the area's density of population, buildings, as well as business and tourism activities.
坚定有序疏解非首都功能。有序推动部分行政性及事业性服务机构，产业及教育科研、医疗等功能的疏解，降低人口、建筑、商业和旅游密度。
饭店坍塌事故 restaurant collapse accident
8月29日9时40分左右，临汾市襄汾县陶寺乡陈庄村聚仙饭店发生坍塌事故。
The collapse accident happened at around 9:40 am when relatives and fellow villagers were attending the birthday party banquet of an 80-year-old person at a restaurant in Chenzhuang village in Xiangfen county, in the city of Linfen, North China's Shanxi province, witnesses said.
据目击者称，坍塌事故发生在当天9时40分左右，当时，亲朋及当地村民正在山西省临汾市襄汾县陈庄村一饭店内参加一位80岁老人的寿宴。
【单词讲解】
简单回顾一下accident和incident的区别。Accident指不可预知的，偶然发生的意外事件，通常会导致人员受伤或者财务损失等不好的后果，比如：car、traffic accident（车祸）；incident指代的范围要大得多，可以指各种事件，好的坏的，有计划的、偶然的发生的事情都可以用incident来表示，比如： shooting incident （枪击事件）、an isolated incident（孤立事件）等。再看个例句：The demonstration took place without incident.展示活动顺利进行。
The rescue operation ended at 3:52 am on Sunday. At that point, 57 people had been pulled out of the debris of the collapsed two-story building, including the 29 dead, seven severely injured and 21 slightly injured, rescue headquarters said.
截至8月30日3时52分，坍塌事故抢险救援工作结束，共搜救出57名被埋人员，其中29人遇难，7人重伤，21人轻伤。
事故现场救援人员达840人
Top provincial officials on Saturday ordered all-out efforts for the rescue operation involving 840 rescue workers and more than 100 medical staff.
山西省领导同志派出840名救援人员，100多名医疗人员，要求全力进行救援。
Rescuers earlier used small tools and bare hands to search for trapped people as the narrowness of the collapsed site and fears of further collapse complicated the rescue efforts. They later continued the rescue operation with the help of large machinery, sniffer dogs, and life detectors.
由于空间狭小，且有二次坍塌的风险，给救援工作造成一定困难，救援人员最初使用小型工具、徒手挖等方式搜寻被困人员，之后，大型挖掘机入场，救援人员利用搜救犬、生命探测仪等工具全面搜索被困人员。
国务院安委会挂牌督办
The Work Safety Committee of China's State Council said Saturday it will supervise the investigation into the restaurant collapse, ordering to screen safety risks of illegal buildings.
国务院安委会8月29日决定对此次饭店坍塌事故查处进行挂牌督办，推动全面排查违建房屋风险。
The province set up a special team on Sunday to investigate and bring those responsible to justice.
8月30日，山西省成立事故调查组，严惩事故责任人。
The Shanxi provincial government has ordered a safety inspection over buildings and public gathering places across the province starting Sunday.
山西省决定，从8月30日起在全省范围内立即开展房屋建筑和人员聚集场所安全专项检查。