2020年CATTI真题和备考资料先码住！

At 51, Cathy wanted to put her Oxfordphysics degree and former experience to better use, she had worked part-time ina school for several years while her there children were young, but she wantedto get back into the corporate world. Several applications later, she wasgetting nowhere. Then a friend told her about “returnships”, a form of workexperience that some companies are experimenting with to help middle-agedpeople–mainly women–return to work, often breaks to care for families.

Cathy eventually secured a place on an11-week “Career returners” program with a company, open to men and women, whichincluded being paired with a 20-year-old male student. He helped to acquainther with new technology, such as using an iPhone and accessing the company’svirtual network from her laptop so she could work from home but still accessinternal files.

“On the assessment day, I thought they musthave been looking at my project management skills. But they weren’t looking atus for specific roles. They were just thinking, ‘these women have a lot tooffer, let’s see what they can do.’ That was refreshing.” A clutch of companiesin the UK and the U.S. have spotted an opportunity in hiring female returnees,who can put to use again technical skills learned earlier in their careers.

They believe middle-aged women returningafter a break make particularly good employees, because they bring a freshperspective. Women tend to combine high emotional intelligence with strongleadership and organizational skills. “There is a massive pool of highlyskilled people who want to return to work”, says the head of human resources ofan engineering company. “Recruitment agencies typically view people who havehad two years out as a risk, but we see them as a great opportunity.”

In fact, by hiring female returnees,companies can access good skills these women developed in their former high-leveljobs–and for a discount. In return, employers coach these middle-aged femalesback into working life. Though her returnship, Cathy gained a full-time role asan operations data consultant. She still is earning less than she would liketo, “but it’s a foot in the door and the salary is up for review in sixmonths,” she says. It is still overwhelmingly women who stay home to care foryoung children. UK government figures show that women account for around 90percent of people on career breaks for caring reasons. A lack of middle-agedwomen working, particularly in high skilled roles, is costing the UK economy£50 billion a year, according to a report. The report found that men over 50took home nearly two-thirds of the total wages paid out to everyone in that agerange in 2015. It blamed the pay gap on the low-skilled, part-time rolesmiddle-aged women often accept. Some 40 percent of women in work in the UK doso part-time, as opposed to only 11 percent of men. This issue is notrestricted to the UK. A study last year by economists found “strong evidence ofage discrimination in hiring against older women” in a range of white- andblue-collar jobs. The data show that it is harder for middle-aged women to findjobs than it is for middle-aged men, regardless of whether they have taken abreak from working.

当今社会以互联网为代表的信息技术发展迅速，引领了生产新变革，创造了人类生活新 空间，拓展了国家治理新领域。中国大力实施网络发展战略、国家信息化战略、国家大数据战略、“互联网+”计划。

中国大力发展电子商务，推动互联网和实体经济融合发展，改善资源配置。这些努力为 推动创新发展、转变经济发展方式、调整经济结构发挥了积极作用。中国欢迎公平、开放、竞争的市场，在自身发展的同时，致力于推动全球数字经济发展。

中国主张自由贸易，反对贸易壁垒和贸易保护主义。我们希望建立开放安全的数字经济 环境，确保互联网为经济发展和创新服务。我们主张互联网接入应公平、普遍。

中国愿加强同其他国家在网络安全和信息技术方面的交流与合作。我们应共同推进互联 网技术的创新，确保所有人都能平等分享数字红利，实现网络空间的可持续发展。

In December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases were found. Scientists believe that It was caused by a previously unknown virus Now named COVID-19.

Coronaviruses have the appearance of a crown. Crown in Latin is called "corona" and that's how these viruses get their name. There are different types of coronaviruses that cause respiratory and sometimes gastrointestinal of symptoms.

It's known that coronaviruses circulate in a range of animals. But the animals which transmit COVID-19 are not known yet. And the exact dynamics of how the virus is transmitted is yet to be determined.

From what is known so fer, there can be a number of symptoms ranging from mild to severe. There can be fever and respiratory symptoms such as cough and shortness of breath. In more severe cases, there's been

pneumonia. kidney failure and death. There is currently no specific medication for the virus and treatment is supportive cere. There is currently no vaccine to protect against the virus Treatment and vaccines are in development.

Nevertheless, we are committed to combatting the COVID-19 epidemic. It's certainly troubling that so many people and countries have been affected, so quickly. Now that the virus has a foothold in so many countries, the threat of a pandemic has become very real. But It would be the first pandemic in history that could be

controlled. The bottom line is: we are not at the mercy of this virus.

The great advantage we have is that the decisions we all make-as governments, businesses, communities, families and individuals-can influence the trajectory of the epidemic. We need to remember that with decisive, early action, we can slow down the virus and prevent infections. Among those who are infected, most will

recover.

It's also important to remember that looking only at the total number of reported cases and the total number of countries doesn't tell the full story. This is an uneven epidemic at the global level. Different countries are in different scenarios, requiring a tailored response. It's not about containment or mitigation. It's about both.

All countries must take a comprehensive blended strategy for controlling their epidemics and pushing this deadly virus back. Countries that continue finding and testing cases and tracing their contacts not only protect their own people, they can also affect what happens in other countries and globally. The WHO has consolidated its guidance for countries in four categories: those with no case; those with sporadic cases: those with clusters: and those with community transmission. For all countries, the aim is the same: stop transmission and prevent the spread of the virus.

For the first three categories, countries must focus on finding, testing, treating and isolating individual cases and following their contacts. In areas with community spread, testing every suspected case and tracing their contacts become more challenging. Action must be taken to prevent transmission at the community level to reduce the epidemic to manageable clusters.

水稻是世界上最主要的粮食作物之一，世界一半以上人口（包括中国60%以上人口）都以稻米作为主食。中国是世界上最早种植水稻的国家，至今已有7000年左右的历史，当前水稻产量占全国粮食作物产量近一半。

水稻作为主要的粮食，无论对中国还是对世界的重要性都是不言而喻的。中国在超级杂交水稻（super hybrid rice)生产方面成就突出，关键人物便是袁隆平。被誉为“中国杂交水稻之父”，他的名字不仅在中国家喻户晓，在国际上也享有盛誉。

袁隆平于上世纪60年代开始杂交水稻研究，他带领科研团队使中国杂交水稻用一直领先于世界水平，不仅不断实现水稻的高产量目标，而且在生产实践中不断推广应用，从实际上解决中国人吃饭难的问腿。袁隆平还多次到美国、印度等国家传授技术，为30多个国家和地区的政府官员和科研工作者讲学，促进杂交水稻技术造福世界。

1987年11月3日，联合国教科文组织在巴黎总部向袁隆平领发科学奖，认为他的科研成果是“第二次绿色革命”。2004年，袁隆平获得世界粮食奖（the World Food Prize)，表彰他为人类提供营养丰富、数量充足的粮食所做出的突出贡献。

The world is at a social, environmental andeconomic tipping point. Subdued growth, rising inequalities and acceleratingclimate change provide the context for a backlash against capitalism,globalization, technology, and elites. There is gridlock in the internationalgovernance system and escalating trade and geopolitical tensions are fuelinguncertainty. This holds back investment and increases the risk of supplyshocks: disruptions to global supply chains, sudden price spikes orinterruptions in the availability of key resources.

Persistent weaknesses in the drivers ofproductivity growth are among the principal culprits. In advanced, emerging anddeveloping economies, productivity growth started slowing in 2000 anddecelerated further after the crisis. Between 2011 and 2016, “total factorproductivity growth” – or the combined growth of inputs, like resources andlabour, and outputs – grew by 0.3 percent in advanced economies and 1.3 percentin emerging and developing economies.

The financial crisis added to thisdeceleration. Investments are undermined by uncertainty, low demand and tightercredit conditions. Many of the structural reforms designed to reviveproductivity that were promised by policy-makers did not materialize.

Governments must better anticipate theunintended consequences of technological integration and implementcomplementary social policies that support populations through the FourIndustrial Revolution. Economies with strong innovation capability must improvetheir talent base and the functioning of their labour markets.

Adaption is critical. We need awell-functioning labour market that protects workers, not jobs. Advancedeconomies need to develop their skills base and tackle rigidities in theirlabour markets. As innovation capacity grows, emerging economies need tostrengthen their skills and labour market to minimize the risks of negativesocial spillovers.

Sustainable economic growth remains the surestroute out of poverty and a core driver of human development. For the pastdecade, growth has been weak and remains below potential in most developingcountries, seriously hampering progress on several of the UN’s 2030 SustainableDevelopment Goals (SDGs).

The world is not on track to meet any ofthe SDGS. Least developed countries have missed the target of 7 percent growthevery year since 2015. Extreme poverty reduction is decelerating. 3.4 billionpeople – or 46 percent of the world’s population – lived on less than US$5, 50a day and struggled to meet basic needs. After years of steady decline, hungerhas increased and now affects 826 million up from 784 million in 2015. A totalof 20 percent of Africals population is undernourished. The “zero hunger”target will almost certainly be missed.

In the mid-1800s a caterpillar, the size ofa human finger, began spreading across the northeastern U.S. This appearance ofthe tomato hornworm was followed by terrifying reports of fatal poisonings andaggressive behavior towards people. In July 1869 newspapers across the regionposted warnings about the insect, reporting that a girl had died after a run-inwith the creature. That fall a local newspaper printed an account from adoctor. The physician warned that the caterpillar was “as poisonous as arattlesnake” and said he knew of three deaths linked to its venom.

Although the hornworm is a voracious eaterthat can strip a tomato plant in a matter of days, it is, in fact, harmless tohumans. Entomologists had known the insect to be innocuous for decades, and hisclaims were widely mocked by experts. So why did the rumors persist even thoughthe truth was readily available? People are social learners. We develop most ofour beliefs from the testimony of trusted others such as our teachers, parentsand friends. This social transmission of knowledge is at the heart of cultureand science. But as the tomato hornworm story shows us, our ability has agaping vulnerability: sometimes the ideas we spread are wrong.

Over the past five years the ways in whichthe social transmission of knowledge can fail us have come into sharp falls.Misinformation shared on social media has fueled an epidemic of false belief.The same basic mechanisms that spread fear about the tomato hornworm have nowintensified – and, in some cases, led to – a profound public mistrust of basicsocietal institution.

“Misinformation” may seem like a misnomerhere. After all, many of today’s most damaging false beliefs are initiallydriven by acts of disinformation, which are deliberately deceptive and intendedto cause harm. But part of what makes disinformation so effective in an age ofsocial media is the fact that people who are exposed to it share it widelyamong friends and peers who trust them, with no intention of misleading anyone.Social media transforms disinformation into misinformation.

Many social scientists have tried tounderstand how false beliefs persist by modeling the spread of ideas as acontagion. In a contagion model, ideas are like viruses that go from mind tomind. You start with a network, which consists of nodes, representingindividuals, and edges, which represent social connections. You seed an idea inone “mind” and see how it spreads.

2019 年 12 月，发现了一批聚集性肺炎病例。1 月 30 日，世界卫生组织将此疫情列为国 际关注的突发公共卫生事情（PHEIC）。面对疫情，专家经考察研究，达成几点共识。

首先，它是一种新的冠状病毒。其次， 新冠肺炎有家庭聚集性的特点;人群普遍易感染，但多数患者是轻症，可以康复。第三，它的传播力高于 SARS，因有的患者无症状或轻症，新冠肺炎隐匿性强。第四，目前尚无特效 药和疫苗。

面对疫情，中国采取了严格、彻底、科学、精准的防控措施，打响了一场抗疫人民战争。种研人员甄别病原体、研究诊治方案、研发抗病毒疫苗。火神山、雷神山医院拔地而起，方舱医院一所所开放，全国各地的医护人员和部队人员紧急结奔赴“抗疫战场”，为病人提供紧急救治。随着一批批轻症患者治愈出院，14 所方舱医院陆续关舱。

疫情没有国界，是人类面临的共同挑战。中国支持世卫组织发挥引领作用，与国际社会 共同抗疫，为完善全球卫生治理做出积极贡献。

农业要保持粮食供应。从供给数量看，2019 年我国粮食产量再创新高，棉油糖生产稳定，果菜茶供应充足，但是公众关注生猪供给。受非洲猪瘟等因素影响，今年生猪产能下降 较多。一场生猪稳产供保行动在全国各地展开，政府部门从财政支持，用地保障、金融保险等方面持续发力。目前生猪生产已出现回暖，猪肉供应将有所增加。同时，禽肉生产增加较 多，牛羊肉生产形式好，肉类供应有保障。

此外，供给的质量和效益也日益提高，品种结构调优。大豆面积增加了 92 万公顷。各地积极发展优质稻谷、小麦、大豆、油菜、高产高糖甘蔗等。不少地方推进适应性种植，适 当调减非适应区种植，东北寒冷地区和南方重金属污染区水稻调减 20 万公顷，小麦调减 20 万公顷。

2019 年，国家在 175 个县开展有机肥替代化肥，在 150 个县开展果菜茶全程防控试点。目前，病虫绿色防控面积超过 5300 万公顷，化肥用量连续 3 年实现负增长。经过多年的探 索实践，耕地轮作休耕试点省份已由 9 个增加到 17 个，试点面积由 40 万公顷扩大到 200 万公顷。试点区域耕地质量稳步向好，生态环境得到改善，提升了稻米、小麦等的竞争力。

Master of the Intricacies of the Human Heart

By Michiko Kakutani

Oct. 10, 2013

Alice Munro, named on Thursday as the winner of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature, once observed: “The complexity of things — the things within things — just seems to be endless. I mean nothing is easy, nothing is simple.”

That is also a perfect description of Ms. Munro’s quietly radiant short stories — stories that have established her as one of the foremost practitioners of the form. Set largely in small-town and rural Canada and often focused on the lives of girls and women, her tales have the swoop and density of big, intimate novels, mapping the crevices of characters’ hearts with cleareyed Chekhovian empathy and wisdom.

Fluent and deceptively artless on the page, these stories are actually amazingly intricate constructions that move back and forth in time, back and forth between reality and memory, opening out, magically, to disclose the long panoramic vistas in these people’s lives (the starts, stops and reversals that stand out as hinge moments in their personal histories) and the homely details of their day-to-day routines: the dull coping with “food and mess and houses” that can take up so much of their heroines’ time.

Ms. Munro’s stories possess an emotional amplitude and a psychological density. Her understanding of the music of domestic life, her ability to simultaneously detail her characters’ inner landscapes and their place in a meticulously observed community, and her talent for charting “the progress of love” as it morphs and mutates through time — these gifts have not only helped Ms. Munro redefine the contours of the contemporary short story, but have also made her one of today’s most influential writers.

In short fiction that spans four and a half decades, Ms. Munro has given us prismatic portraits of ordinary people that reveal their intelligence, toughness and capacity to dream, as well as their lies, blind spots and lapses of courage and good will. Such descriptions are delivered not with judgmental accountancy, but with the sort of “unsparing unsentimental love” harbored by a close friend or family member.

Like Ms. Munro, many of the women in these stories grew up in small towns in Canada and, at some point, faced a decision about whether to stay or to leave for the wider world. Their lifetimes often span decades of startling social change — from a time and place when tea parties and white gloves were de rigueur to the days of health food stores and stripper bars.

For that matter, Ms. Munro’s women often find themselves caught on the margins of shifting cultural mores and pulled between conflicting imperatives — between rootedness and escape, domesticity and freedom, between tending to familial responsibilities or following the urgent promptings of their own hearts.

In story after story, passion is the magnet or the motor that drives women’s choices. Love and sex, and marriage and adultery are often mirrors that reveal a Munro heroine’s expectations — her fondest dreams and cruel self-delusions, her sense of independence and need to belong.

Ms. Munro is adept at tracing the many configurations that intimacy can take over the years, showing how it can suffocate a marriage or inject it with a renewed sense of devotion. She shows how sexual ardor can turn into a “tidy pilot flame” and how an impulsive tryst can become a treasured memory, hoarded as a bulwark against the banalities of middle age.

 Illness and death frequently intrude upon these stories, and the reader is constantly reminded of the precariousness of life — and the role that luck, chance and reckless, spur-of-the-moment choices can play. Some of Ms. Munro’s characters embrace change as a liberating force that will lift them out of their humdrum routines, or at least satisfy their avid curiosity about life. Others regard it with fearful dismay, worried that they will lose everything they hold dear — or at least everything familiar.

2014年6月11日，中共中央政治局常委刘云山访问丹麦期间，参加了“欧洲学者眼中的中国共产党国际研讨会”并发言，主办方是丹麦哥本哈根商学院和中国当代世界研究中心。李世默在研讨会上做了题为“从全球视角看中国研究的新动向和中共形象的新变化”的发言。

现代西方的中国学研究大致经历了两个代际的变化。第一代是历史主义流派，第二代是意识形态流派。当代西方对中国的认知，不论是学术界或大众媒体，都深受这两大代际流派的影响。

现代中国学研究的第一代，可以追溯到20世纪初。他们用历史主义的语境研究中国，研究方法深受传统文化影响，研究领域涵盖了中国的政治、历史、社会状况和中国历史上重要的领袖人物。

中国学的第二代，始于1989年，在后冷战时代的意识形态狂热中诞生。这一时期的研究，陷入自由民主或专制独裁的意识形态两元对立。在研究取向上，强调政治立场先行和意识形态挂帅，目的只有一个，即证明中国的政治制度必然崩溃。可惜，这一代流派的研究一再被中国成功发展的事实证伪，备受质疑。

第三代中国学发端于新的形势背景下，研究方法和取向都不同以往。这一代流派的演进，将推动中国学从基础结构上发生转型，并使世界对中国的认知产生决定性影响。这对中国共产党来说意义深远，作为中国政治治理模式的核心。

最近几十年来，中国全方位快速崛起，全球政治、历史、经济研究的顶尖人士，纷纷聚焦中国，希望探究这一历史重大事件的深远含义。这个群体不再象前两代那样限于中国通，而是来自各个领域。

一个趋向可以称为实证派，即以收集客观数据为基本研究方法，从历史和现在的角度客观分析中国的治理模式。